Climate Challenge Participation AccordDOE's Energy Partnerships for a Strong EconomyClimate Challenge Participation AccordAccord for Participation inClimate Challenge Between General Public Utilities Corporation (GPU) and United States Department of Energy This Participation Accord describes the commitments that GPU and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) have made to participate in the Climate Challenge Program in pursuit of the President's goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The Climate Challenge Program is a joint, voluntary effort of DOE and the electric utility industry to reduce, avoid or sequester greenhouse gas emissions. The framework of the Climate Challenge Program was established in the Climate Challenge Program Memorandum of Understanding and exhibits thereto dated April 20, 1994 (the Climate Challenge Program MOU) (see Attachment A to this Participation Accord).
GPU is a holding company which consists of three operating electric utilities, two service organizations, and an exempt subsidiary. GPU's operating electric utilities include Jersey Central Power and Light Company (JCP&L), which serves about 911,000 customers in New Jersey; Metropolitan Edison Company (Met-Ed), which serves about 451,000 customers in 14 eastern and south central Pennsylvania counties; and Pennsylvania Electric Company (Penelec), which serves about 563,000 customers in 31 Pennsylvania counties and two New York counties. GPU Service Corporation (GPUSC) provides common corporate support functions; GPU Nuclear Corporation (GPUNC) operates and maintains the System's nuclear generating stations; and, Energy Initiatives, Inc. is GPU's non-regulated subsidiary (collectively the GPU Companies or GPU).
I. GPU Commitments
1.
a.
GPU has contributed the membership fee of $5,000 for 1995 and anticipates contributing a minimum of $10,000 for 1996. GPUSC also has a staff person actively participating on the UFCMP Steering and Policy Committees.
Starting in 1995, GPU will contribute $50,000 per year to the National Earth Comfort Program for the next six years. A JCP&L officer is Chairman of the Board and President of this initiative.
GPU will contribute up to $5.0 million in 1995 to this electrotechnology limited partnership investment.
GPU has contributed $20,000 to become a IUEP member and will participate in specific projects based on the merits of individual proposals.
JCP&L and Met-Ed have submitted agreements indicating their intention to participate in the Electric Vehicle Market Allies Group. Further participation will be based on the merits of future opportunities.
Emission reduction estimates provided for projects and activities are based on the calculated emission rates for specific GPU facilities in the case of projects or activities which reduced generation. Calculated average annual emission rates per megawatt-hour (MWh) from all GPU supply sources for the year in question are used to estimate the emission benefits for "avoidance" projects.
a.
GPU has sponsored and will continue to sponsor a broad range of facility, operations and technology development focused R&D programs which have potential efficiency improvement and greenhouse gas reduction benefits. The expected 1995 expenditure on these programs, listed in Attachment B, is $20.7 million.
(1)
GPU will continue this program for the routine review of equipment performance and the implementation of cost-beneficial, efficiency improvement capital projects. While improved generation operation and minimization of efficiency degradation are the primary objectives of the program, a secondary benefit of the projects as a whole is the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions due to reduced fuel use and or emissions per MWh generated. Attachment C lists all projects, including pollution control projects with a negative heat rate improvement, which are planned and those completed since January 1991. Capital expenditures on thermal performance projects with a positive heat rate improvement were $397 million since 1991. Planned expenditures for 1995 through 1999 on projects yielding positive heat rate improvements are $231 million.
Through a cooperative agreement with DOE, under Clean Coal V, Warren Unit 2 is scheduled to be repowered using externally fired combined cycle technology. The heat rate for this unit is expected to improve from approximately 13,890 Btu/kWh to at least 9,830 Btu/kWh. This will provide a 30% reduction in CO2 being emitted per kWh beginning in 1997.
A pump-turbine upgrade program being undertaken at this station owned by Jersey Central Power & Light and Public Service Electric & Gas will improve efficiency and capacity. The upgrade of the first unit completed in 1993 increased its capacity by 20 MW. Similar results are expected for the upgrades of the other two units planned for completion in 1995 and 1996. For 1993-1994, it is estimated that the GPU share (50%) of the improvements reduced emissions by 23 tons of CO2, 0.01 tons CH4, and 0.01 tons N2O, or 27 equivalent tons of CO2. For 1995-2000, GPU's share of the improvements are estimated to reduce cumulative emissions of 209 tons CO2, 0.11 tons CH4 and 0.11 tons N2O, or 246 equivalent tons of CO2. The GPU year 2000 reduction estimate is 36 tons CO2, 0.02 tons CH4 and 0.018 tons N2O, or 42 tons CO2 equivalent emissions.
GPU has initiated studies regarding repowering opportunities using clean coal, biomass and other advanced technology options, which have potential greenhouse gas reduction benefits, at the Werner, Sayreville, Gilbert, Seward and Titus generating stations. These projects will be implemented, contingent upon a determination of their cost-effectiveness and obtaining regulatory approval.
The Seneca pump-turbines owned by Pennsylvania Electric and Cleveland Electric Illuminating were upgraded in 1991-93 to improve efficiency and capacity. The capacity rating increases totaled 49 MW. GPU's share of this facility improvement reduced emissions 12 tons CO2 equivalent in 1993 and 1994, or 10 tons CO2, 0.0045 tons CH4 and 0.005 tons N2O. GPU's estimated share of Seneca's cumulative reduced emissions for 1995-2000 are 42 tons CO2, 0.02 tons CH4 and 0.02 tons N2O, or 49 tons CO2 equivalent. One sixth of the reduction for this period will occur in 2000.
Penelec will continue to operate a unique program for improving the overall energy efficiency of the operation at its Homer City Station generating facility, contingent upon the continued interest of its partner. Waste heat from a portion of the water exiting the condensers is diverted from the cooling towers to an 111/2 acre greenhouse. The benefits of this conservation effort, an annual savings of $500,000 in heating cost and the avoidance of 4,384 tons of CO2 equivalent emissions, are being credited to this Accord beginning in 1991.
Direct CO2 emission reductions have resulted from the retirement of GPU generating facilities for Clean Air Act compliance and other reasons. GPU Facilities that have been completely retired include the Penelec Front Street and Williamsburg stations, which together emitted 884,328 equivalent tons of CO2 in 1990, and JCP&L Sayreville Station, Units 1, 2 and 3, which were accountable for 17,382 equivalent tons of CO2 in 1990, were retired in 1994. Finally, JCP&L Gilbert Units 1 and 2 will be limited to gas firing and Unit 3 to 500 hours of oil firing per year beginning May 31, 1995. Supplemental oil firing of Gilbert Unit 8 will be discontinued beginning 1/1/95. The 1990 annual equivalent emissions from the Gilbert sources/fuels which will be retired is 130,349 tons of CO2.
The use of coal combustion by-products (CCB) as a substitute for cement in concrete products avoids CO2 emissions and provides a beneficial use for ash materials. GPU will continue its efforts to 1) improve the ash quality at the coal-fired power plants it operates (which has been affected by pollution control retrofits such as low-NOX burners) and 2) expand the quantity of ash which is beneficially used.
(1)
GPU operating subsidiaries JCP&L, Met-Ed and Penelec have played a leading role in the development and validation of a broad range of energy efficiency programs which have been offered to their customers since the early 1980's. The programs range from audits, education and technical assistance to energy efficiency rebates and appliance turn-in programs. Typical programs offered are described in Attachment D. Cumulative energy savings from these programs since the beginning of 1991 are estimated at 685,523 MWh, an avoidance of 462,639 tons CO2, 210 tons CH4 and 246 tons N2O, or equivalent CO2 emissions of 545,981 tons. The GPU operating companies plan to continue certain current programs and introduce new energy efficiency programs as long as they are cost-effective, contingent upon regulatory proceedings under way or anticipated shortly in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Our present cumulative estimate of energy savings from efficiency programs offered in the 1995 to 1999 time frame is 2,330,516 MWh. This estimate is equivalent to an avoidance of 1,613,580 tons CO2, 768 tons CH4 and 848 tons N2O, or equivalent CO2 emissions of 1,901,932 tons.
Three broad classifications of transmission and distribution loss reduction and efficiency/operation improvement programs have been implemented by GPU. Following is a brief description of each program.
Transformer Loss Evaluation Program GPU purchases efficient Distribution and Substation transformers by including the cost of losses during the bid evaluation process. Loss reductions result when original transformers are replaced with more efficient transformers.
Shunt Capacitor Programs The addition of shunt capacitors to the GPU T&D system reduces line losses by improving power factor and voltage profile. Reduced current on the lower voltage systems also provides additional loss reductions which are reflected throughout the supply system.
T&D System Improvement Programs Loss reductions are achieved through reconductoring lines with larger wire and through conversion of lines to operation at a higher voltage. The resulting reduction of current and conductor resistance reduces losses.
The cumulative energy savings from these programs since the beginning of 1991 are estimated at 82,133 MWh, a reduction of 55,366 tons CO2, 25 tons CH4 and 30 tons N2O, or equivalent CO2 emissions of 65,361 tons. GPU will continue these programs, contingent upon equipment economics, system performance and customer load growth. The estimated cumulative energy efficiency savings for the planned continuation of these programs in the 1995-2000 time frame is 388,468 MWh. This estimate is equivalent to a reduction of 271,411 tons CO2, 146 tons CH4 and 141 tons N2O, or CO2 equivalent emissions of 319,750 tons. For 2000, the estimated reduction is 61,605 tons CO2, 45 tons CH4 and 31 tons N2O, or 72,542 equivalent tons CO2. Attachment E provides a break-down of the estimated annual savings.
GPU has contracts of varying lengths with Non-Utility Generators (NUGs) which utilize methane gas as the fuel source. The majority of the gas is recovered from landfills; one methane fuel source is agriculture based. For the period from 1991 through 1994, the operation of NUGs under contract to GPU resulted in a cumulative methane reduction of 61,164 tons, or 1,345,605 tons CO2 equivalent. Future methane reductions as a result of such agreements are dependent upon equipment performance, landfill methane emission rates and the economics surrounding the agreements, all of which may change. GPU’s current estimate of future, cumulative greenhouse gas reductions due to methane combustion at facilities under contract is 156,558 tons methane, or 3,444,280 equivalent tons of CO2 for the period 1995 to 2000. For 2000, the methane reduction is projected to be 28,797 tons or 633,533 tons CO2 equivalent. Historic and projected reductions are shown in Attachment F.
JCP&L has installed a 200 KW, phosphoric acid fuel cell on the site of one of its customers, AT&T Research Center at Holmdell, New Jersey. This facility, which began service in January 1995, will provide premium quality, base load electric service as well as heat to AT&T.
Preliminary estimates of the energy savings from this installation indicate approximately 1,000 tons of CO2 emissions will be avoided annually. Detailed performance records of this project will be maintained to allow for more accurate energy and greenhouse gas impact reporting. JCP&L will continue to operate this facility for the useful, economic life of the equipment. Preliminary estimates for the period from 1995-2000 indicate the fuel cell will reduce emissions by a cumulative total of 6,000 tons of CO2.
JCP&L is a Utility Ally of the Green Lights initiative, and through financial and marketing/technical assistance to its customers has supported lighting energy savings. These energy savings are reflected in JCP&L's DSM program results reported in Attachment D. At JCP&L headquarters, the company has achieved 467 kw of lighting load reductions (representing annual energy savings of 1,634 MWh) as a result of retrofits to-date. This reflects an annual savings in lighting energy in excess of 60% for these facilities. For 1994, partial year energy savings avoided emissions of 644 tons CO2, 0.3 tons CH4 and 0.3 tons N2O, or 758 tons CO2 equivalent. For the cumulative period of 1995-2000, estimated avoided emissions are 6,817 tons CO2, 3.5 tons CH4 and 3.6 tons N2O, or 8,036 tons CO2 equivalent. About one sixth of this avoidance will occur in 2000. Additional cost effective retrofits at company facilities, including Phillipsburg, Allenhurst, Dover, Lakewood, Morristown, Gillette and Forked River, will be completed in 1995 in compliance with the Green Lights agreement.
Met-Ed and Penelec will continue participation in two tree replacement programs, contingent upon the availability of funds. The "Municipal Tree Replacement Program" (MTRP) is a joint undertaking with participating municipalities and the Pennsylvania State University. The Single Tree Replacement Program (STR) is a program to replace trees which are a potential hazard for right-of-ways with slower growing more compatible tree species. Since 1991, the companies have planted 3,472 trees under these programs.
Met-Ed and JCP&L have eight EV’s including two G -Vans, two TE - Vans and four Chevy S10 pickup truck conversions. GPU is also participating in a Pennsylvania Electric Transportation Corporation (PETC) Project for construction of a proto-type Utility Electric Vehicle (UTEV) and will, contingent upon available funds, purchase seven (7) additional EV’s with an anticipated December, 1995 delivery.
As a part of its ongoing transmission and distribution facility maintenance, JCP&L has performed, and will continue, a series of activities to reduce normal leakage from substations fitted with sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas charged equipment. The activities have included increased maintenance and the replacement of SF6 charged breakers. For the period from 1991-1994, these maintenance practices have reduced SF6 usage by a cumulative total of 8.46 tons, or 115,022 tons CO2 equivalent emissions.
(1)
By the end of 1995, GPUSC will have completed a high efficiency lighting program resulting in an approximate 93 kW or 385 MWh per year reduction as part of its Green Lights initiative. This program is expected to avoid annual emissions of 265 tons CO2, 0.14 tons CH4 and 0.12 tons N2O, or 313 tons CO2 equivalent. For 1996-2000, estimated cumulative avoided emissions are 1,346 tons CO2, 0.72 tons CH4 and 0.67 tons N2O, or 1,586 tons CO2 equivalent. About one fifth of the avoided emissions are attributable to 2000.
(1)
Oyster Creek and Three Mile Island nuclear power plants have instituted availability and capacity factor improvement programs to operate on two-year refueling cycles, reduce the number of refueling outages required and increase overall plant capacity factors. In addition, enhancement of Preventive Maintenance and Surveillance programs and Pre-Outage and Outage Planning activities are expected to reduce the duration of outages to increase plant capacity factors. GPUNC's goal is to achieve two-year cycle capacity factors of 88% for TMI and 83% for OC. Using the 1990/1991 generation cycle average for Oyster Creek and TMI as the baseline, nuclear production at these stations increased by 4,919,056 MWh during the 1992 to 1994 period. This is equivalent to an emissions reduction of 3,285,804 tons CO2, 1,462 tons CH4 and 1,772 tons N2O, or 3,885,151 tons CO2 equivalent. It is estimated that the planned continuation of these programs will result in the reduction of a cumulative total of 2,011,316 tons CO2, 1,031 tons CH4 and 1,051 tons N2O, or 2,370,467 tons of CO2 equivalent emissions for the period of 1995 to 2000. For 2000, the estimated emission reduction is 341,121 tons CO2, 248 tons CH4 and 172 tons N2O, or 401,585 tons CO2 equivalent.
(1)
Pursuant to the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) and the 1992 New Jersey Traffic Congestion and Air Pollution Control Act, JCP&L, GPUSC and GPUNC have developed and are implementing plans for their facilities in New Jersey to increase average passenger occupancy (APO) through ridesharing programs and employee incentives. Increased APO has the potential to reduce GHG emissions and traffic congestion related to employee commuting.
GPU developed and issued an Ozone Depleting Chemicals Management System-wide guidebook in 1994. This resource provides guidance and information on the use, handling and disposal of ozone depleting chemicals, including but not limited to CFC’s, HCFC’s and halons. The GPU Companies have implemented several specific projects and programs which decreased CFC, HFC and HCFC usage and/or increased capture and recycling. These activities include the JCP&L Appliance Turn-In Program which resulted in the recycling of 8,167 lbs. of refrigerants (CFC-11 -0.80 tons, CFC-12 -2.91 tons, HCFC-22 -0.10 tons, SO2 0.25 tons, other -0.14 tons) with a CO2 equivalence of 27,405 tons. GPUNC has removed 55 halon cylinders with 13,599 lbs. of halon 1301 and 32 lbs. of halon 1211. Three of the 1301 systems were replaced with sprinkler systems. Additionally, a 60 ton chiller which used 75 lbs. of R-22 was replaced with a direct expansion unit which currently uses 57 lbs. of R-22. GPUSC converted the Reading facility chillers to R-123, and two (2) CFC-11 chillers totalling 2000 lbs. will be converted by the end of 1995.
In 1991, GPU implemented and will continue to use a sophisticated videoconferencing system interlinking all the GPU Companies (Penelec, Met-Ed, JCP&L, GPUSC, GPUNC) at their primary locations. This system allows simultaneous interactive conferencing between groups at different locations without non-productive travel time and related travel cost. For the period 1991-1994, videoconferencing conservatively eliminated over 966,000 cumulative miles of travel by GPU employees, equalling 428 tons of CO2, 0.06 tons N2O and 0.39 tons CH4 , or a CO2 equivalent reduction of 456 tons. GPU estimates that an additional 0.119 tons N2O, 0.77 tons CH4 and 848 tons CO2 or 903 tons of CO2 equivalent emissions will be avoided by the end of 2000. In 2000, this program is estimated to reduce emissions by 0.2 tons N2O, 0.13 tons CH4, and 143 tons CO2, or 152 tons CO2 equivalent.
GPU, working with the DOE and Atlantic Electric, has arranged for two million dollars worth of projects to be carried out through the USAPV. The purpose of USAPV is to demonstrate user-scale photovoltaic applications in the Northeast. Reporting will be provided for projects funded in the GPU Companies' service territory. JCP&L and Met-Ed are presently reviewing funding requests for seven and three projects, respectively.
GPU Companies have made numerous operational improvements which have led to energy savings since 1991. GPUNC at its Three Mile Island facility revamped the setup and operation of a Mechanical Drafting Cooling Tower which yielded an estimated annual 1,750 MWh energy savings. In 1994, this action yielded an annual emission avoidance of 0.39 tons CH4, 0.46 tons N2O, and 886 tons CO2, or 1,044 tons CO2 equivalent. Met-Ed has performed several activities including “ice storage” for cooling at its Reading and York facilities, the installation of speed controllers on several cooling tower motors, automated management of lighting at one building, installation of high efficiency lighting at several facilities, replacement of incandescent exit signs with LED exit signs, and HVAC management. Penelec is installing a HVAC retrofit at its Altoona facility using a Ground Source Heat Pump which is expected to save 1,215 MWh annually. In 1995, GPUSC's Reading, Pennsylvania facility will start installing ultrasonic humidifiers which are projected to reduce humidifier kWh usage by approximately 97% per unit according to the manufacturer's claim. The humidifier retrofit is expected to occur over a 5-7 year period. JCP&L anticipates installing variable speed motor drives on five (5) motors at its Phillipsburg facility.
The GPU Companies have instituted and will continue extensive, multi-faceted recycling programs which have resulted in benefits since 1991. The areas for which one or more of the GPU Companies recycle includes: scrap metals (aluminum, brass, copper, iron; nickel; mercury; steel); paper; cardboard; meters, both for reuse and scrap metal; construction debris, asphalt and cement; drums, for reuse; transformers; transformer oil; wood pallets for reuse; wood reels; treated wood sent to a “waste to energy” facility; and, untreated wood for mulch. In addition, several of the companies are attempting to purchase various products with a post consumer recycled component and Met-Ed has switched to 100% recycled paper as the “paper of choice” in all photocopiers, laser printers and fax machines. Attachment G provides a summary of the recycling efforts for 1991-1994, which are estimated to have avoided a cumulative total of 50,410 tons of CO2 equivalent emissions. From 1995-2000, rough estimates indicate avoidance of a cumulative total of 66,643 tons CO2 equivalent emissions, with 11,115 tons avoided year 2000 emissions.
The GPU Companies have implemented and will continue programs, which resulted in greenhouse gas reduction benefits since 1991, to improve fleet operations and reduce waste streams. Vehicles are maintained on a scheduled basis in order to maximize efficient operation. A large number of GPU's fleet bucket trucks are equipped with battery operated buckets and booms which eliminates the need to operate the vehicle while the booms are in use. The transportation groups generally recycle degreasers and other solvents, antifreeze, batteries, and used motor oil. They have also switched to less volatile and non-hazardous degreasers. In addition, used tires are recycled and approximately 50 percent of tires replaced annually are recapped tires. Starting in 1995, JCP&L will purchase and use recycled motor oil in its fleet vehicles. For the period from 1991-1994, system-wide transportation activities have avoided or reduced emissions by a cumulative total of 381 tons of CO2. It is estimated that an additional 763 tons of CO2 emissions will be avoided by 2000. In 2000, the activities are projected to yield a 127 ton CO2 reduction in emissions.
GPUSC Information Services (IS) Department has initiated and will continue several activities to reduce energy consumption from personal computers (PCs). One of these efforts has been to notify employees to minimize energy consumption by turning off equipment when it is not in use. Additionally, IS is generally purchasing computers which meet the U.S. EPA "Energy Star" designation. Approximately five (5) percent of GPU computers were "green" (Energy Star) as of 1994. IS estimates that it will purchase approximately 1,500 "Energy Star" PCs in 1995 and 1,450 in 1996. Emissions avoidance related to these activities equalled 70 tons CO2, 0.03 tons CH4 and 0.04 tons N2O, or 83 tons CO2 equivalent in 1994. For 1995-2000, emissions avoided are projected to cumulatively total 3,806 tons CO2, 2 tons CH4 and 2 tons N2O, or 4,485 tons CO2 equivalent. For 2000, estimated avoided emissions are at 703 tons CO2, 0.5 tons CH4 and 0.3 tons N2O, or 828 tons CO2 equivalent.
GPU's annual reports may include emissions data converted by an identified, common index of comparative radiative effects.
(Original signed by)
___________________________________________ _____________
Senior Vice President & General Counsel Date
General Public Utilities
(Original signed by)
___________________________________________ _____________
Secretary of Energy or Designee Date
U.S. Department of Energy
Attachments:
Attachment A Climate Challenge Program MOU and Exhibits
CLIMATE CHALLENGE R&D PROJECTS
CUSTOMER/END USE RELATED
CUSTOMER UTILITY ELECTRIC VEHICLE Design a prototype electric vehicle for purposes such as meter readers. PEERC funded project.
CUSTOMER ENVIRO END USE DATA BASE & SOFTWARE TOOL Develop end-use emissions database and software for comparison of environmental impacts of competing end-use technologies.
CUSTOMER ELECTRIC G-VAN Operate and demonstrate the use of electric powered passenger vans.
ENVIROLAWN PROJECT Collaborative effort of EPRI, EEI, EPA, Black & Decker, and 18 utilities to evaluate emissions from gasoline lawn mowers for electric technologies.
RADIO FREQUENCY DRYING EPRI coordinated project to develop a technique using radio frequency (RF) heating technology to dry plastic resins.
DEHUMIDIFICATION/REFRIGERATION Field investigate and verify the performance and savings associated with electrotechnologies aimed at commercial dehumidification and refrigeration.
INDUSTRIAL PINCH TECHNOLOGY Advance use of differential temperature constraint analysis in designing heat recovery boilers to optimize environmental and energy performance.
RF DRYING OF HARDWOOD Collaborative effort between Niagara Mohawk and EPRI that analyzes the market potential for radio frequency (RF) drying of eastern hardwoods.
BATTERY STORAGE (ME) Assesses the feasibility of battery energy storage to augment demand-side management.
PHOSPHORIC ACID FUEL CELL Demonstrate a phosphoric acid fuel cell to supply high quality power to a dedicated computer circuit.
WESTINGHOUSE PLANAR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL Demonstrate the electrical and thermal cycle performance of the planar solid oxide fuel cells.
ELECTRIC TE VAN Demonstrate newer battery technology in an electric van platform.
FUEL CELL COMMERCIALIZATION Participate in the Fuel Cell Commercialization Group for direct reforming molten carbonate fuel cell power plants.
PENN STATE OZONE RESEARCH Provide sustained, uninterrupted, long-term research on the effects of ozone on eastern hardwood forests.
GAS CO-FIRING Perform boiler testing at Conemaugh Unit 2 using natural gas as a co-firing fuel.
NE OZONE TRANSPORT REGION AIR QUALITY STUDY Obtain information to improve the air quality models being used in the Ozone Transport Region (OTR).
GRANULATED ACTIVATED CARBON CAPTURE OF MERCURY Recovery of mercury from coal combustion to maximize disposal alternatives.
WOOD CO-FIRING Evaluate wood resources and power facilities in the Penelec system for cofiring with coal to determine costs of CO2 mitigation.
D-COP FLYASH REMEDIATION Examine process for separating of unburned carbon from fly ash.
COAL PIPE BALANCING Investigate measurement and balancing methods for coal pulverizer piping systems to minimize NOX emissions.
CAMRAC LOI METER Demonstrate loss-of-ignition (LOI) monitoring device at Conemaugh.
UPGRADED COAL INTEREST GROUP Participate in an EPRI coordinated consortium for tailored collaboration (TC) on coal projects. The U.S. D.O.E. is providing $100,000 in funding to the consortium.
COAL POND FINES Determine a methodology of economically cleaning and formulating coal pond waste material into a stable slurry fuel. The U.S. D.O.E. is providing funding in the amount of $85,000.
UTILITY BIOMASS ENERGY COMMERCIALIZATION ASSOC. Encourage the development of biomass resources and economic, competitive biomass energy technologies.
REPOWERING APPLICATIONS USERS GROUP Participate in EPRI users group for utilities interested in generation repowering issues.
CERAMIC HEAT EXCHANGER Develop and test a solid fuel, indirect, exhaust- fired combined cycle power generation alternative for higher efficiency coal combustion. The U.S. D.O.E. is providing $5 million in funding.
CO2 REDUCTION/COAL BED METHANE Investigate the possibilities of recovering methane gas from the deeper coal reserves around the Homer City power plant.
WARREN REPOWERING Apply ceramic heat exchanger to repower Warren Station. The U.S. D.O.E. is providing funding in the amount of $20 million. HEAT RATE MAINTENANCE/IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM1
Station/Unit Project Description Year Heat Rate
Installed Improvement
(BTU/Kwh)
Seward 4 Boiler Controls Replacement 1993 136
Seward 5 Air Heater Basket Replacement 1994 153
Seward 5 Flue Gas Expansion Joints Replacement 1994 5
Seward 5 18th Stage LP FWH Replacement 1995 61
Shawville 1 Boiler & NOx Controls Replacement 1993 (162)
Shawville 1 Superheater & Economizer Replacement 1993 33
Shawville 1 Condenser Cleaning System Replacement 1995 22
Shawville 1 Cooling Tower 1999 22
Shawville 1 Last Stage Bucket Replacement (3 Rows) 1999 104
Shawville 2 Superheater & Economizer Replacement 1992 67
Shawville 2 Low NOx Burner Installation 1995 (160)
Shawville 2 Condenser Cleaning System Replacement 1997 63
Shawville 3 Flue Duct Expansion Joints 1991 15
Shawville 3 Economizer Inlet Header Replacement 1994 17
Shawville 3 High Temperature Reheater 1994 49
Shawville 3 Air Heater Cold End Replacement 1994 10
Shawville 3 Boiler Control Replacement 1997 10
Shawville 3 Condenser Cleaning System Replacement 1997 27
Shawville 3 10A & 10B FWH Replacement 1999 92
Shawville 3 Feedwater Heater Replacement 1999 46
Shawville 4 Flue Duct Expansion Joints 1992 15
Shawville 4 10A & 10B FWH Replacement 1994 93
Shawville 4 Air Heater Basket Replacement 1994 19
Shawville 4 Economizer Inlet Header Replacement 1994 17
Shawville 4 High Temperature Reheater 1994 50
Shawville 4 Air Heater Cold End Replacement 1995 10
Shawville 4 Boiler Control Replacement 1996 10
Shawville 4 Condenser Cleaning System Replacement 1996 27
Shawville 4 LP Turbine Last 2 Stages Blades/Buckets 1998 100
Warren 1 HP Impulse Blade Replacement 1998 38
Warren 1 HP Nozzle Block Replacement 1998 38
Homer City 1 Economizer Replacement 1994 29
Homer City 1 Expansion Joint Replacements 1994 3
Homer City 1 HP Turbine Nozzle Block Replacement 1994 195
Homer City 1 LP Turbine Improvement 1994 137
Homer City 1 Air Preheat Coils 1996 49
Homer City 1 Control & Computer Systems Modern 1996 171
Homer City 1 Expansion Joint Replacement 1996 10
Homer City 1 No. 2 Feedwater Heater Drip Replacement 1996 1
Homer City 1 Reheater Pendant Replacement 1996 65
Homer City 1 Amertap Sytem Replacement 1998 40
Homer City 1 LP Feedwater Heater Replacement 1998 10
Homer City 1 Secondary Air Heater Basket Replacement 1998 54
Homer City 2 Economizer Replacement 1991 29
Homer City 2 LP Turbine Improvement 1991 137
Homer City 2 Air Preheat Coils 1995 48
Homer City 2 Control & Computer Sytems Modern 1995 169
Homer City 2 Primary Air Heater Basket Replacement 1995 14
Homer City 2 Reheater Pendant Replacement 1995 65
Homer City 2 HP Turbine 1st Stage & Reaction Blading 1996 2
Homer City 2 3rd & 4th Stage LP FWH Replacement 1997 5
Homer City 2 Amertap System Replacement 1997 40
Homer City 2 Secondary Air Heater Basket Replacement 1999 54
Homer City 3 Cooling Tower Refurhbishment 1993 39
Homer City 3 Turbine Component Replacement 1993 1
Homer City 3 A & B PA Heater Basket Replacement 1997 15
Homer City 3 Computer/Controls Replacement 1997 77
Homer City 3 Expansion Joint Replacement 1997 10
Homer City 3 Secondary Air Heater Basket Replacement 1997 54
Homer City 3 1st Stage Blade Replacement 1999 19
Keystone 1 Turbine-Generator DEH Control System 1991 60
Keystone 1 LP Turbine Refurbishment 1992 15
Keystone 1 1B Cooling Tower Fill Replacement 1993 35
Keystone 1 5A & 5B Feedwater Heater Replacement 1993 5
Keystone 1 5th Stage Blade Replacement 1993 10
Keystone 1 LP Turbine Refurbishment 1993 15
Keystone 1 8A/8B HP Heater Replacement 1995 10
Keystone 1 Air Heater Basket Replacement 1995 10
Keystone 1 Air Heater Outlet Gas Duct Exp Joint 1995 5
Replacement
Keystone 1 Boiler Control System Replacement 1995 10
Keystone 1 HP Turbine Impulse Blades 1997 51
Keystone 1 HP Turbine Nozzle Blocks 1997 22
Keystone 1 7A HP Heater Replacement 1997 5
Keystone 2 5A & 5B Feedwater Heater Replacement 1992 5
Keystone 2 2A Cooling Tower Upgrade 1992 50
Keystone 2 Boiler Control System Replacement 1994 10
Keystone 2 2B Cooling Tower Fill Replacement 1994 35
Keystone 2 6A HP Heater Replacement 1994 5
Keystone 2 Air Heater Basket Replacement 1994 10
Keystone 2 2B Gas Duct Expansion Joint Replacement 1994 5
Keystone 2 HP Turbine Impulse Blades 1996 50
Keystone 2 HP Turbine Nozzle Blocks 1996 30
Keystone 2 Air Heater Outlet Gas Duct Exp Joint 1996 5
Replacement
Keystone 2 8A & 8B HP Heater Replacement 2000 10
Conemaugh 1 Cooling Tower Fill Replacement 1992 15
Conemaugh 1 Economizer Replacement 1992 15
Conemaugh 1 Lower Steam Cooled Wall Replacement 1992 5
Conemaugh 1 Natural Gas Co-Firing Conversion 1992 5
Conemaugh 1 Boiler Controls Replacement 1994 10
Conemaugh 1 Final Reheater Outlet Header & Pendant 1994 5
Conemaugh 1 Flue Gas Desulfurization 1994 (128)
Conemaugh 1 Secondary Air Duct Expansion Joint 1994 5
Replacement
Conemaugh 1 Gas Duct Expansion Joint Replacement 1996 5
Conemaugh 1 7A & 7B Feedwater Heater Replacement 1998 10
Conemaugh 1 Intermediate Reheater Replacement 1998 5
Conemaugh 1 8A & 8B Feedwater Heater Replacement 2000 10
Conemaugh 2 IP Turbine Diaphragms Replacement 1991 10
Conemaugh 2 Natural Gas Co-Firing Conversion 1991 5
Conemaugh 2 2B Boiler Outlet Duct Expansion Joint Rep 1993 5
Conemaugh 2 Boiler Controls Replacement 1993 10
Conemaugh 2 Secondary Air Duct Expansion Joint 1993 5
Replacement
Conemaugh 2 Final Reheater Outlet Header & Pendant 1995 5
Conemaugh 2 Flue Gas Desulfurization 1995 (125)
Conemaugh 2 7B Feedwater Heater Replacement 1999 5
Conemaugh 2 8A & 8B Feedwater Heater Replacement 1999 10
Conemaugh 2 Intermediate Reheater Replacement 1999 5
Titus 2 14th Stage Feedwater Heater Replacement 1992 26
Portland 1 15th Stage Feedwater Heater Replacemnt 1992 21
Portland 1 17th Stage Feedwater Heater Replacemnt 1994 14
Portland 2 17th Stage Feedwater Heater Replacemnt 1993 20
Gilbert 1 & 2 Air Heater Element Replacement 1991 20
Gilbert 4 - 8 Heat Rate Monitoring System Installation 1993 150
Gilbert 8 Boiler 7 Economizer Replacement 1991 10
Gilbert 8 8 A Vacuum Pump Replacement 1992 5
Gilbert 8 Cooling Tower Upgrade 1993 25
Gilbert 8 8 B Vacuum Pump Replacement 1994 5
Sayreville 4 Plant Instrumentation Upgrade 1992 10
Sayreville 4 Plant Instrumentation Upgrade 1993 10
Sayreville 4 Plant Instrumentation Upgrade 1994 10
Sayreville 5 Boiler #8 Expansion Joint Replacement 1991 5
Sayreville 5 Plant Instrumentation Upgrade 1992 10
Sayreville 5 Plant Instrumentation Upgrade 1993 10
Sayreville 5 Plant Instrumentation Upgrade 1994 10
Werner 4 Feedwater/Condensate Control System Upgrade 1992 10
1 The Heat Rate Maintenance/Improvement program is intended to maximize plant performance based on cost-effective improvements and operational modifications. Some improvements, however, are offset by heat rate penalties for pollution control equipment such as low NOX burners and SO2 scrubbers and load fluctuations required to meet short-term environmental and economic dispatch requirements. Consequently, while specific heat rate improvement activities have defined improvement goals (and these goals are shown), it is not reasonable to translate individual heat rate improvement projects to projections of annual greenhouse gas benefits. In addition, these improvements are not necessarily additive or permanent.
DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT,
JCP&L
Following is a summary of results, (including a brief description of expenditures, energy, and capacity impacts) for programs JCP&L has offered since 1991. Estimates for 1995 reflect JCP&L's commitment to continue existing programs. A regulatory filing for programs to be offered in 1996 and 1997 is due in May of 1995, and will include projected expenditures and impacts for programs in future years.
YEAR 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Total Annual DSM $11,757 $14,720 $20,574 $27,289 $27,830
Expenditures ($1,000)
Incremental Annual Energy 30,666 27,753 72,783 73,745 74,072
Savings from Program Year
(MWH/yr)
Cumulative Annual Energy 30,666 58,419 131,202 204,947 279,019
Savings from Program Year
(MWH/yr)
Incremental Summer Peak 32.2 35.3 33.7 33.9 33.8
Reduction from Program Year
(MW)
Incremental Winter Peak 21.8 15.2 16.0 14.3 13.6
Reduction from Program Year
(MW)
The Company's current program includes 22 Core DSM programs and 8 performance-based DSM programs.
Core Programs - Residential
This program provides no-or-low-interest financing to residential customers (in one-to-four-family, owner occupied homes with electric space or water heating) for energy conservation improvements to their homes.
This program encourages installation of storage electric water heaters and automatic controls to defer energy use and demands to off-peak periods.
This program delivers energy efficiency improvements to economically disadvantaged customers who would otherwise not be able to purchase them for their homes.
This program encourages customers considering the purchase or replacement of central air conditioners, heat pumps, and room units to install equipment with an efficiency higher than a standard unit. The program provides rebates for central units with an SEER of at least 11.0 and room units with an EER of at least 9.50. The program also provides assistance to builders and developers considering installing ground source heat pumps.
This program encourages the incorporation of energy efficient design features in new residential construction. Good Cents homes must be designed to use significantly less energy for heating, cooling and water heating than a conventual home built to the current New Jersey Energy Sub-Code requirements.
This program provides customers with a free, detailed analysis of the electricity consumption and operating cost of various end-use appliances in his or her home, based on a statistical analysis of billing history.
This program provides residential customers with a variety of information on energy, including energy saving technologies and techniques, rate alternatives, financing alternatives, other Company services, and other issues concerning customer energy interests.
This program promotes the development and marketing of a super-efficient, CFC-free refrigerator/freezer by making a large incentive award to a manufacturer.
The Three E program in an initiative by members of the Edison Electric Institute (EEI) to develop efficiency guidelines, designs and standards for new houses in consultation with trade allies and key environmental and government leaders.
Core Programs - Commercial/Industrial
This program provides a free energy audit to qualifying business customers and recommends cost effective retrofit measures.
This program provides commercial/industrial customers with a variety of information on energy, including options for energy supply, energy management opportunities, good energy management practice, rate alternatives, financing alternatives, other Company services for training and communication, and other issues concerning customer business interests.
This program promotes the curtailable service provisions of the Company's tariff.
This program provides grants for design assistance to incorporate energy efficiency HVAC equipment in new buildings. The program also educates commercial and industrial building designers, developers, architects, engineers, and owners of the benefits of energy efficient designs using advertising, case studies, seminars and forums.
Core Programs - Education and Information
This program provides trade allies, such as contractors, manufacturers, builders and energy professionals, with information concerning services which the Company can jointly support with them.
This program is designed to increase the awareness the expertise of local trade allies, customers and marketing personnel by making available training courses on technology, environmental issues, energy management, and marketing focussed on increasing the use and awareness of DSM technologies and issues.
This program provides general energy information through recorded messages available by toll-free telephone.
This program makes available to learning institutions a diverse menu of energy educational programs that will foster a partnership between the school, the home, and JCP&L.
This program increases the general energy and environmental awareness of New Jersey's consumers and business through the mass media promotions and the "Seniors are Special" energy awareness initiative.
Core Programs - Support
The costs of developing new plans and studies to verify power savings when they are not directly attributed to specific Core or Performance-Based DSM programs are recovered through this program.
The costs of labor and expenses incurred in the general direction and supervision of DSM activities which cannot be attributed to specific programs are recovered through this program.
The costs of upgrading and developing information systems that generally support DSM programs are recovered through this program.
Performance-Based Programs - Residential
This program delivers a package of low-cost energy efficient measures to qualified existing residential electric heating customers at little or no cost.
This program provides a convenient and environmentally sound method for removing and recycling operating second refrigerators and freezers. The appliances will be processed to remove capacitors, which may contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PcBs); recovering and reclaiming refrigerant fluids/gases, including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and recycling ferrous and non-ferrous metal components in an environmentally sound manner.
This program reduces JCP&L's peak demands by selectively cycling individual customer's central air conditioner and electric water heaters through the use of radio-activated relays.
This program provides rebates to promote the purchase of high efficiency appliances, refrigerators, freezers, and compact fluorescent lamps. This program is structured so that qualifying refrigerators must exceed the current Federal Standards by at least 13% and freezers by at least 15%.
Performance-Based Programs- Commercial/Industrial
This program encourages replacing selected low-efficiency electrical equipment with high efficiency alternatives in the commercial, institutional, and governmental sectors.
This program encourages the installation in unique or experimental applications of high efficiency electrical equipment in the commercial, industrial, institutional, and governmental sectors.
This program encourages the installation of selected high efficiency electrical equipment in new and existing commercial, industrial, institutional and governmental sectors. JCP&L will offer rebates to reduce the net cost to the customer of installing selected types of equipment.
This program encourages the installation in unique or experimental application of high efficiency electrical equipment in the commercial, industrial, institutional, and governmental sectors.
Following are summaries of the results for programs (including a brief description of expenditures, energy and capacity impacts) Met-Ed and Penelec have offered since 1991.
YEAR 1991 1992 1993 1994
Total Annual DSM $7,996 $7,796 $7,512 $7,885
Expenditures ($1,000)
Incremental Annual Energy 34,573 22,535 16,734 20,924
Savings from Program Year
(MWH/yr)
Cumulative Annual Energy 34,573 57,108 73,842 94,766
Savings from Program Year
(MWH/yr)
Incremental Peak Reduction 50 38 46 32
from Program Year (MW)
Estimates for 1995-1999 reflect the companies' commitment to continue efficient programs and introduce new programs of value to customers, pending the outcome of current regulatory proceedings in Pennsylvania.
YEAR 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Total Annual DSM $7,287 $7,483 $8,745 $11,774 $13,850
Expenditures ($1,000)*
Incremental Annual Energy 25,006 31,966 34,145 35,080 36,100
Savings from Program Year
(MWH/yr)
Cumulative Annual Energy 25,006 56,972 91,118 126,198 162,298
Savings from Program Year
(MWH/yr)
Incremental Peak Reduction 5 10 18 29 46
from Program Year (MW)
* Estimated expenditures include the companies' expenses for mandatory low income weatherization programs. In 1998 and 1999, this program will be reviewed and the associated expenses may change based on future filings and Commission action.
Following are descriptions of the companies' current program proposals which include key programs targeted for the residential and commercial/industrial sections and several pilot programs designed to test new market areas.
Residential Programs
Through the use of radio activated relays, system operators will selectively cycle individual customer end-use equipment through a variety of operating strategies designed to optimize demand management while minimizing the impact on the customer.
The Energy Efficient New Home Program is designed to increase the thermal shell integrity of new electrically heated homes built within Met-Ed/Penelec's service territory that incorporate heat pumps or electric heating systems designed to maximize the benefits of Met-Ed/Penelec's time-of-use rates.
The Energy Efficient Systems Program is designed to promote the installation of high efficiency air and ground source heat pump systems and high efficiency water heaters in new and existing electrically heated residences.
The Home Retrofit Program is designed to reduce the electric consumption of electrically heated homes by improving the thermal integrity of the home's shell and its heating and water heating systems.
Commercial And Industrial Programs
The purpose of this program is to encourage the installation of selected high efficiency electrical equipment, new and existing commercial, industrial, institutional and governmental facilities.
The Customer FLEX Program will encourage the installation of a variety of high efficiency electric equipment in the commercial, industrial, institutional and governmental sectors.
The Lighting Partnership program will assist small business customers in evaluating and selecting high efficiency lighting systems that are in accordance with IES standards for new and existing buildings.
Residential Pilot Programs
The Heat Pump Tune-Up pilot Program is designed to ensure the efficient operation of heat pumps installed in the Met-Ed/Penelec service territory.
The Multi-Choice pilot Program provides varying pricing levels designed to encourage Met-Ed/Penelec customers to reduce their energy bills through modification of their behavior and appliance/system use.
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION LOSS
JCP&L 1991-1994* Total MWh 1995-2000 Total
Loss Reductions Projected MWh Loss
Reductions
Transformer Programs 2745 7292
Capacitor Programs 602 1350
T&D Line Programs 4013 8132
Met-Ed
Transformer Programs 1453 2100
T&D Line Programs 18556 27432
Penelec
Transformer Programs 6156 8028
Total 33525 54334
* 1994 numbers reflect projected MWh reductions.
METHANE OFFSET PROJECTS
Project 1991-1994 1991-1994 1995-2000 1995-2000
Methane Use Equivalent Tons Projected Projected
(Tons)* CO2 Methane Use Equivalent Tons
(Tons)* CO2
F R&S Methane 305 6,703
Lebanon Methane 11,706 257,527 4,466 98,242
Valley Pork 14 301 3 67
Hamm's Landfill 16,888 371,543 11,821 260,061
L&D Landfill 32,214 708,706 45,147 993,242
Corry 38 825 43 937
MCRC Facility 95,314 2,096,906
* Methane use is estimated based on historical or projected generation using a heat rate of 12,000 Btu/kWh and landfill gas with an energy content of 500 Btu per cubic ft.
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